Carbon & Alloy Steel.
Engineering and pressure-system steels routed by strength, toughness, hardenability, heat treatment, weldability and product form.
Identify grade and condition together.
Designations are preliminary cross-references for enquiry routing. The governing product specification, exact grade designation, condition or temper, dimensions and application requirements must be stated together.
| Family / common name | UNS or alloy designation | EN / international reference | Selection context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Structural steel | A36 | — | General structures and fabrication |
| Pressure-vessel steel | A516 Grade 60/65/70 | — | Moderate/lower-temperature vessels |
| Seamless pressure pipe | A106 Grade B/C | — | High-temperature process piping |
| Pressure forging steel | A105 / A350 LF2 | — | Standard and low-temperature flanges |
| Medium-carbon steel | 1045 | C45 / 1.0503 | Shafts and general engineering |
| Cr-Mo steel | 4140 | 42CrMo4 / 1.7225 | High-strength shafts and machinery |
| Ni-Cr-Mo steel | 4340 | 34CrNiMo6 / 1.6582 | Highly loaded engineering parts |
| Carburising steel | 8620 | 20NiCrMo2-2 / 1.6523 | Gears and case-hardened parts |
| Bearing steel | 52100 | 100Cr6 / 1.3505 | Bearings and rolling elements |
| Creep-resistant Cr-Mo | P11 / P22 / P91 | — | Power and elevated-temperature piping |
Designation relationships require verification against the governing specification. Technical data is provided for preliminary sourcing guidance. The applicable customer specification, drawing, purchase order and latest standard revision govern each requirement.
Material translated into usable forms.
| Product form | Representative standards | Typical application context |
|---|---|---|
| Plate and sheet | A36/A516/A387 | Structures, vessels and fabricated equipment |
| Pipe and tube | A106/A333/A335 | Process, low-temperature and power piping |
| Bar and forgings | A29/A322/A434/A266/A336 | Shafts, gears and heavy components |
| Flanges and fittings | A105/A350/A694/A234/A420 | Pressure piping components |
| Cold-finished products | A108 and grade-specific routes | Precision machining stock |
Common specification routes.
| Product route | Principal standards | Requirement focus |
|---|---|---|
| Structural plate | ASTM A36/A36M; A572/A572M | Grade, thickness and mechanical properties |
| Pressure-vessel plate | ASTM A516/A516M; A387/A387M | Grade/class, heat treatment and supplementary tests |
| Pressure pipe | ASTM A106/A333/A335 | Grade, temperature route and testing |
| Steel bar | ASTM A29/A322/A434 | Quality, chemistry, heat treatment and properties |
| General forgings | ASTM A266/A336 | Class, heat treatment, tests and NDE |
| Pressure forgings | ASTM A105/A350/A694 | Service condition and strength grade |
| Fittings | ASTM A234/A420 | Grade, heat treatment and impact requirements |
Technical data is provided for preliminary sourcing guidance. The applicable customer specification, drawing, purchase order and latest standard revision govern each requirement.
Grade alone is not enough.
Condition, heat treatment, product form, dimensions, surface, corrosion testing, mechanical properties, NDE, traceability and documentation can materially change the supply route.
Bhansali reviews the requirement and coordinates supplier qualification, QA/QC, independent laboratory verification and third-party inspection where required.